I bought a 2023 Chevy Silverado with the 3.0 Duramax... The first time with the temperatures in the low 20s, I plugged it in... I found the same symptoms you described. Took it to the dealership and they pointed out it was not to be plugged in at anything above 18 degrees F. Disappointing to hear it will do the same thing when below 18F. When at home, I remote start it and let it run a couple of minutes befor edriving. Even if I don't remote start, I let the oil circulate for a couple of running minutes before driving... and then I'm easy on acceleration. Treat it well, hopefully it will treat me well...
Recently with the temps down in single digits, I did NOT plug it in, and after turning onto a busy road 2 miles from my home, the engine started to run rough and produced an instrument panel message of "Reduced Acceleration". I pushed the dismiss button and carried on... Seemed normal. Parked for a couple of hours and on the return drive, about 2 1/2 miles from being parked, once again turning onto a main road and starting to accelerate (I am usually gentle on acceleration - not hot rodding), it did the same thing again, only this time without a message. My thoughts were..."if you want exercise, I will give you exercise and ran it through the first 3 gears at high power.
I keep the tank full, especially in cold weather and only run it below 1/4 if I am on a long trip... DEF stays in the nearly full range. Still under warranty.